Weld symbol

Multiple reference lines

Stacked reference lines on one arrow spell out a sequence of operations. The line nearest the arrow is done first, and each line further out is done after the one before it.

See sequence note1/245°1/4
The symbol as it appears on the drawing
arrowarrow side (this face)other side
The joint it produces, in cross-section

Reads as: Arrow side: bevel-groove weld, 1/2 size, 45° groove angle, 1/4 root opening. Other side: back weld.

How to read it

Most symbols carry one reference line. When a joint needs several operations performed in a defined order, the drawing can stack additional lines above the first, all sharing the same leader and arrow. Each line holds a complete instruction of its own, with its own weld symbols, dimensions, supplementaries, and tail.

Order is read outward from the arrow. The line closest to the arrow is the first operation, the next line out is the second, and so on. That is the one thing multiple reference lines add that a single line cannot express: a single line says what to do but never in what order, while stacked lines say exactly that.

The arrangement earns its complexity on joints where a step in the middle changes what follows — gouge the root, then weld, then examine, then dress. Each of those can occupy its own line, with a note or process reference in its own tail, so the whole sequence sits on one symbol instead of being scattered across a page of notes.

The rest of the notation carries over unchanged. Each line has its own arrow side and other side, its own elbow supplementaries, and its own tail, and the shared arrow means every line refers to the same joint. Read them one at a time from the arrow outward rather than trying to take the whole stack in at once, and the arrangement stops looking intimidating.

Where each dimension goes

Line nearest the arrow
The first operation in the sequence.
Each successive line outward
The next operation, performed after everything on the lines closer to the arrow.
Per-line tails
Each line can carry its own process, procedure, or note applying to that step alone.
Shared arrow
Every stacked line refers to the same joint, so the stack is a sequence rather than a list of separate welds.
Per-line supplementaries
All-around circles and field flags belong to their own line's elbow and govern only that step.

Worked examples

Weld, back gouge, then back weld

Back gouge before back weld1/245°1/4

Fill the bevel first, then gouge and back weld the far side as the next step.

Stacked lines put the groove on the line nearest the arrow and the back-side work on the line above it, so the order is stated rather than left to the fabricator.

Shop weld first, field weld second

Field weld second5/165/16

Make the shop fillet first and leave the flagged weld for site erection.

One line carries the shop weld and a line further from the arrow carries the flagged field weld, so the field flag governs only its own step rather than the whole symbol.

Common mistakes

  • Reading the stack from the top down instead of outward from the arrow.
  • Treating each stacked line as a separate joint when they all share one arrow and one joint.
  • Applying a supplementary symbol from one line to the whole stack.
  • Ignoring the sequence entirely and welding in whatever order is convenient.

Typical joints

Joints requiring gouge, weld, and dress in a defined orderField welds with a shop preparation stepWelds with an inspection step between passesTwo-sided joints with a controlled welding sequence

Related symbols

Practise reading welds, not just symbols

The drawing tells you what the weld should be. The gauge trainer is where you find out whether you can tell what it actually is.

Open the gauge trainer